Which condition signifies a reduction in bone density and strength?

The condition that signifies a reduction in bone density and strength is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which leads to an increased risk of fractures. This occurs when the creation of new bone doesn’t keep up with the removal of old bone. Factors such as age, hormonal changes, and insufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D can contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

In contrast, arthritis primarily affects the joints, leading to pain and inflammation, but it does not inherently focus on bone density. Spinal stenosis involves narrowing of the spinal canal, which can cause pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, but it does not directly relate to bone density. Spondylolysis pertains to a specific defect or stress fracture in one of the vertebrae in the lower back, which also does not address overall bone density and strength like osteoporosis does.